2º Bachillerato. Guía de supervivencia con el REPORTED SPEECH.

GUÍA DE SUPERVIVENCIA FRENTE AL REPORTED SPEECH

@NeuroEnglishMMP

🕵️ The Art of Reported Speech & Mysteries

🧠 Neuro-Fact: Contexto Real

Tu cerebro detesta memorizar reglas aisladas. Por eso, hemos convertido la gramática de hoy en un interrogatorio policial. ¡Vas a ser el detective que reporta todo lo que dicen los sospechosos!

1. Priming: Detective Vocabulary ⏱️ 3 min

Interrogate

To ask questions closely or aggressively.

🌍 Traducir

Interrogar

Suspect

A person thought to be guilty of a crime.

🌍 Traducir

Sospechoso/a

Witness

A person who sees an event, typically a crime.

🌍 Traducir

Testigo

Valuable

Worth a great deal of money.

🌍 Traducir

Valioso/a

Alibi

Evidence that you were elsewhere during a crime.

🌍 Traducir

Coartada

Disable

To stop a machine or system from working.

🌍 Traducir

Desactivar

Evidence

Information that helps to prove who committed a crime.

🌍 Traducir

Pruebas / Evidencia

Clue

A fact or object that helps solve a mystery.

🌍 Traducir

Pista

2. Reading: The Midnight Heist ⏱️ 8 min

🎧 Neuro-Listening: Escucha el interrogatorio. Fíjate en cómo formulan las preguntas directas.

I Yesterday, a valuable diamond was stolen from the National Museum. Detective Miller arrived at the scene and immediately began to interrogate the witnesses. "I will find the thief very soon," he promised the museum director.

II First, the detective spoke to the security guard. "What time did you lock the doors?" the detective asked. The guard shivered and replied, "I locked them at exactly midnight. I didn't hear anything suspicious." Then, the detective warned him, "Don't leave the city tomorrow."

III Next, Miller interviewed the cleaning lady. She was crying and said, "I have been cleaning this floor for three hours. Have you checked the security cameras?" The detective nodded and ordered the police officers, "Bring me the tapes immediately!"

IV Suddenly, a mysterious man entered the room. "I can help you solve the case," he whispered. Miller asked him who he was and demanded to see his ID. The man smiled and said, "I am the owner of the diamond, and it is safely hidden in my pocket. I took it home to clean it."

3. Reading Comprehension ⏱️ 10 min

A. True or False? (Find evidence)

• 1. The detective interrogated the museum director first. Check Paragraph II: Who did he speak to first?
• 2. The guard left the doors open. Check Paragraph II: Look for the verb "lock" and the time.
• 3. The mysterious man was actually the thief. Check Paragraph IV: Who did the man claim to be?

B. Find Synonyms (Interactive)

Busca en el texto palabras que signifiquen lo mismo. Pincha para ver una pista.

1. Question / Ask aggressively (Par. I)

💡 Pista: Empieza por I. "He began to ______ the witnesses."

2. Trembled / Shook with fear (Par. II)

💡 Pista: Empieza por S. "The guard ______ and replied..."

3. Spoke very quietly (Par. IV)

💡 Pista: Empieza por W. "I can help you... he ______."

🧠 Brain Break (Pausa Activa)

¡Has resuelto el misterio! Antes de enfrentarnos a la Gramática del Reported Speech, aparta la vista de la pantalla 20 segundos y estira los brazos. Esto reseteará tu memoria de trabajo.

Grammar: The Reported Speech Masterclass 🕵️‍♂️

🆘 Ábreme antes de hacer los ejercicios (CHUleta Visual)

✖

📜 El "Cheat Sheet" del Reported Speech

Para pasar del estilo directo ("...") al indirecto, tu cerebro tiene que dar un paso atrás en el tiempo (Backshift).

1. Tiempos Verbales (Un paso atrás)

• Present Simple ➔ Past Simple
• Present Continuous ➔ Past Continuous
• Past Simple ➔ Past Perfect
• Present Perfect ➔ Past Perfect
• Will ➔ Would / Can ➔ Could

2. Tiempo y Lugar (Time words)

• Today ➔ That day
• Tomorrow ➔ The next/following day
• Yesterday ➔ The previous day / the day before
• Here ➔ There
• This / These ➔ That / Those

⚠️ REGLAS DE ORO PARA PREGUNTAS (El gran error de Selectividad)

• NUNCA uses "THAT" en una pregunta. Usa IF/WHETHER (para Yes/No questions) o mantén la partícula WH- (Where, What...).
• ELIMINA el auxiliar DO / DOES / DID.
  "Where do you live?" -> He asked me where I lived. (¡No "where did I live"!)
• Orden Afirmativo: Sujeto + Verbo. Ya no es una pregunta, es una afirmación.

📘 Pincha aquí para repasar la teoría de Reported Speech

Exercise 1: Statements (Afirmaciones) ⏱️ 10 min

Report the following statements from the text and other witnesses.

• 1. "I didn't hear anything suspicious," the guard said.
  The guard said (that) ... El verbo está en Past Simple (didn't hear). Pásalo a Past Perfect. Cuidado con el pronombre "I".
• 2. "I will find the thief very soon," the detective promised.
  The detective promised (that) ... Cambia "will" por su forma pasada.
• 3. "I have been cleaning this floor for three hours," the lady said.
  The lady said (that) ... Present Perfect Continuous pasa a Past Perfect Continuous. ¡Ojo! Cambia "this" por "that".
• 4. "We are investigating the crime scene today," the police officer stated.
  The police officer stated (that) ... Present Continuous pasa a Past Continuous. Cambia "today" por "that day".

Exercise 2: Questions (Preguntas) ⏱️ 15 min

🚫

ERROR FATAL: En las preguntas de Reported Speech desaparecen el signo de interrogación y los auxiliares do/does/did. El orden es Sujeto + Verbo.

• 1. "What time did you lock the doors?" the detective asked the guard.
  The detective asked the guard ... 1) Mantén el "What time". 2) Quita el "did". 3) Pon el Sujeto ("he") + Verbo en Past Perfect (porque "lock" estaba en pasado).
• 2. "Have you checked the security cameras?" the lady asked Miller.
  The lady asked Miller ... Como es una pregunta de Sí/No (empieza por Have), pon un "IF" o "WHETHER". Luego Sujeto + Verbo (un paso atrás).
• 3. "Who are you?" the detective asked the mysterious man.
  The detective asked the mysterious man ... Mantén el "Who". Sujeto ("he") + Verbo (was). ¡Orden afirmativo!
• 4. "Do you know the owner of the museum?" they asked her.
  They asked her ... Pregunta Yes/No con Present Simple. Pon "if", quita el "do", y pasa el verbo "know" a pasado.

Exercise 3: Commands & Requests (Órdenes) ⏱️ 10 min

💡 El truco más fácil: Para las órdenes no cambiamos los tiempos verbales de forma loca. Solo usamos:
Afirmativa: TO + Infinitive (He ordered me TO GO).
Negativa: NOT TO + Infinitive (He warned me NOT TO GO).

• 1. "Don't leave the city tomorrow," the detective warned him.
  The detective warned him ... Usa la estructura negativa "not to leave". ¡Y no olvides cambiar "tomorrow"!
• 2. "Bring me the tapes immediately!" the detective ordered the officers.
  The detective ordered the officers ... Usa la estructura afirmativa "to bring". Cambia "me" por el pronombre correcto (él).
• 3. "Please, sit down and relax," the officer asked the lady.
  The officer asked the lady ... Quita el "please" (ya está implícito en el verbo "asked"). Usa "to sit".

Writing: News Article 📰 ⏱️ 25 min

Topic: Write a news report about a recent crime or unusual event in your city. Include at least 3 sentences using Reported Speech to tell what the police, witnesses, or victims said. (120-150 words)

🏗️ Structure

• Headline: A catchy title (e.g., Bank Robbery in Downtown!).
• Introduction: What, when, where, and who.
• Body: The details of the event. Here is where you use Reported Speech for the interviews!
  (e.g., A witness claimed that...).
• Conclusion: Current situation. What is happening now? (e.g., The police are still investigating...).

🔥 Reporting Verbs

• The police stated that...
• A witness claimed that...
• The suspect denied stealing the...
• The victim explained that...
• The officer added that...

✍️ Visita el "Writing Arena" para ejemplos y más consejos

✅ Before you send...

He revisado las reglas de "Backshift" en mis ejercicios. No he usado 'THAT' ni auxiliares en las preguntas indirectas. He incluido 3 frases de reported speech en mi redacción. He guardado el archivo en PDF o Word.

🌟 Rate this Task

¿Te ha resultado útil esta guía para entender el Reported Speech?

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2º Bachillerato: Arcade game. Modals and reported speech. 50 questions.

NEUROENGLISH
MODAL CHALLENGE

50 Preguntas Nivel Selectividad
Modales y Estilo Indirecto

SCORE

0000

1/50

STREAK

x0

Preparando pregunta...

CORRECT!

GAME OVER

FINAL SCORE

0

2º Bachillerato tercer trimestre 2026

NeuroEnglishMMP

2º BACHILLERATO
3rd Term Mastery

Unidad Didáctica Integral: Modal Verbs, Modal Perfects y Reported Speech.

📍 ROADMAP DE LA UNIDAD

🔋

1. Modal Powers

Presente, deducción, prohibición y el uso crítico de Had Better en el entorno laboral.

⏳

2. The Past Regrets

Dominio de los Modal Perfects: equivalencias lógicas y rephrasing de nivel EBAU.

🗣️

3. The Echo Office

Reported Speech: transformaciones temporales y verbos de reporte avanzados.

📊 MASTER TABLE: MODALS & SEMI-MODALS

Verb	Type	Function	Work Example
Can	Modal	Ability / Permission	I can manage datasets.
Could	Modal	Past Ability / Request	Could you help me?
Will	Modal	Future / Intentions	I will lead the project.
May / Might	Modal	Probability	AI might change our tasks.
Must	Modal	Obligation / Deduction	You must sign the NDA.
Should	Modal	Advice	You should ask for a raise.
Would	Modal	Hypothetical	I would like to join.
Have to	Semi-Modal	External Obligation	I have to work in shifts.
Ought to	Semi-Modal	Moral Advice	We ought to be inclusive.
Had better	Semi-Modal	Strong Warning	You 'd better not be late!
Need to	Semi-Modal	Necessity	You need to update your CV.

📝 GRAMMAR REVISION: VERBOS MODALES Y MODALES PERFECTOS

Repasa la teoría fundamental y practica con ejercicios directos de modales.

01

MODALS IN DEPTH

A. Modales de Presente y sus Matices

💪 1. Ability & Skill (Habilidad)

CAN (Present)

"I can analyze financial trends."

(Habilidad general o puntual en el presente)

COULD (Past)

"She could speak five languages when she was 20."

(Habilidad general en el pasado)

BE ABLE TO (All tenses)

"I haven't been able to find the payslip yet."

Tip: Úsalo para tiempos que Can no tiene (Future, Present Perfect, Gerunds).

🔑 2. Permission & Requests (Permiso y Peticiones)

CAN

"Can I use the photocopier?"

(Informal)

COULD

"Could you help me with this task?"

(Formal/Polite)

MAY

"May I come in, sir?"

(Very formal)

⚖️ 3. Obligation & Necessity (Obligación y Necesidad)

MUST (Internal)

"I must call the manager today."

(Sientes que es tu deber personal)

HAVE TO (External)

"We have to clock in before 9:00."

(Obligación impuesta por normas o leyes)

NEED TO (Practical Necessity)

"You need to update your CV if you want a promotion."

📢 4. Advice & Suggestion (Consejo y Sugerencia)

SHOULD / OUGHT TO

"You should prepare for the interview."

Ought to es más formal pero idéntico en significado.

SHALL (Suggestions/Offers)

"Shall I carry those folders for you?"

Usado en 1ª persona (I/We) para ofrecimientos.

🚫 5. Prohibition & Lack of Necessity

MUSTN'T (Prohibited)

"You mustn't share your passwords."

ESTÁ TOTALMENTE PROHIBIDO

DON'T HAVE TO / NEEDN'T (Optional)

"You needn't come on Saturday."

NO ES NECESARIO (SI QUIERES, VIENES)

🔮 6. Probability & Possibility

MAY

"It may rain today."

(50% Prob.)

MIGHT

"We might win."

(Remote Prob.)

COULD

"It could be true."

(Theoretical)

🧐 7. Logical Deduction (Presente)

MUST (100% Sure +)

"The lights are on. He must be at work."

CAN'T (100% Sure -)

"He is in Tokyo. He can't be at work today."

🚀 8. Future Intentions & Predictions (Will)

WILL (Decision/Promise)

"I will send you the final draft by noon."

Decisión instantánea o promesa formal.

WILL (Prediction)

"Experts believe AI will transform every industry."

Predicciones basadas en lo que creemos.

🚨 RED FLAG: Common Errors

• Error: He can to speak English. ➔ Correct: He can speak English.
• Error: I didn't must go. ➔ Correct: I didn't have to go.
• Error: She musts work. ➔ Correct: She must work. (No se añade 's' en 3ª pers).

B. Had Better Masterclass: Warnings

Se usa para consejos con una **consecuencia negativa** real. Had Better + Infinitive (no 'to').

➕ Affirmative Examples:

• "You 'd better check the AI report before the meeting."
• "We had better invest in upskilling training this year."
• "You had better research the company or you won't get the job."

➖ Negative Examples:

• "You had better not share your access keys."
• "Employees had better not ignore safety regulations."
• "You 'd better not miss the deadline for the application."

02

MODAL PERFECTS

Estructuras Clave (Equivalencias Lógicas)

Estructura	Equivalencia / Significado	Uso en EBAU
Must have + PP	Deducir positivamente (It is certain that...)	Certeza sobre el pasado.
Can't have + PP	Deducir negativamente (I am sure it didn't...)	Incredulidad sobre el pasado.
Should have + PP	Consejo no realizado (It was a good idea, but...)	Lamento o reproche.
Might / May have + PP	Posibilidad pasada (Perhaps... / Maybe...)	Incertidumbre.
Needn't have + PP	Acción hecha innecesariamente (...but I did it)	Acción sobrante.

✏️ REPHRASING CHALLENGE

Reescribe las frases sin cambiar el significado original.

1. It was a mistake for you to shout at her.

➔ You (should)

2. I'm sure she didn't take your keys. She was with me.

➔ She (can't)

3. Perhaps he forgot about the meeting.

➔ He (might)

4. It's certain that they missed the train.

➔ They (must)

5. I bought a lot of food, but it wasn't necessary.

➔ I (needn't)

6. It was wrong of them not to tell us the truth.

➔ They (ought)

Soluciones y Explicación Lógica

1. You shouldn't have shouted at her.
Explicación: "It was a mistake" → Reproche negativo. Como fue un error hacerlo, usamos shouldn't have + participio.

2. She can't have taken your keys.
Explicación: "I'm sure... didn't" = Deducción negativa basada en pruebas. Usamos can't have + PP.

3. He might have forgotten the meeting.
Explicación: "Perhaps/Maybe" = Posibilidad. Se usa might have + PP.

4. They must have missed the train.
Explicación: "It's certain... did" = Certeza de que algo ocurrió. Usamos must have + PP.

5. I needn't have bought so much food.
Explicación: Acción ya realizada que resultó ser innecesaria. Usamos needn't have + PP.

6. They ought to have told us the truth.
Explicación: "It was wrong not to" = Debería haberse hecho. Usamos ought to have + PP.

Consejos para Selectividad:

• Fíjate en si la frase original es afirmativa o negativa.
• "It was a pity/mistake" suele transformarse con should have.
• "I'm sure" + pasado ➔ must have.
• "I'm sure... not" + pasado ➔ can't have.

03

REPORTED SPEECH

🚀 ¡PULSA AQUÍ PARA VER UNA EXPLICACIÓN DEL REPORTED SPEECH SUPER DETALLADA CON EJERCICIOS! 💡 THE LOGIC OF REPORTED SPEECH: DOMINA EL ESTILO INDIRECTO

A. The Backshift Master Table

Pres. Simple ➔ Past Simple

Past Simple ➔ Past Perfect

Will ➔ Would

Can ➔ Could

B. Questions & Orders

Questions (No 'do/does/did')

Wh-: "Where do you work?" ➔ He asked me where I worked.

Yes/No: "Do you like coding?" ➔ She asked if I liked coding.

Orders & Requests (To / Not to)

"Sign the contract!" ➔ He told me to sign the contract.

C. Advanced Reporting Verbs

Verb + -ING

"He suggested working from home."

Verb + To-Inf

"She offered to help."

Verb + Obj + To

"They warned me not to quit."

04

FINAL REVISION CHALLENGE

Part 1: Reported Speech (Estilo Indirecto)

Rewrite the following sentences starting with the words given.

1. "I bought this car yesterday," he said.

➔ He said that...

2. "Where are you going to spend your holidays?" she asked me.

➔ She asked me...

3. "Did you finish the report on time?" the boss asked him.

➔ The boss wanted to know...

4. "Don't open the window, please!" the teacher told the students.

➔ The teacher ordered the students...

5. "Let's go to the cinema tonight," Peter said.

➔ Peter suggested...

1. He had bought that car the day before / the previous day.
2. where I was going to spend my holidays.
3. if / whether he had finished the report on time.
4. not to open the window.
5. going to the cinema that night.

Part 2: Modal Verbs & Perfect Modals

Rewrite the following sentences using a suitable modal or perfect modal verb.

1. I am absolutely sure he is British; he has a strong accent.

➔ He...

2. I am sure they didn't steal the money; they were with me.

➔ They...

3. It was a terrible mistake to lie to your parents.

➔ You...

4. It isn't necessary for you to bring a towel to the gym.

➔ You...

5. Smoking is strictly forbidden in this area.

➔ You...

1. He must be British.
2. They can't have stolen the money.
3. You shouldn't have lied to your parents.
4. You don't have to / needn't / don't need to bring a towel.
5. You mustn't / can't smoke in this area.

✅ Feedback para el Éxito

Aprovecha estas soluciones para entender por qué se hace cada cambio. En Selectividad, un pequeño error en un pronombre o en una expresión de tiempo suele invalidar la respuesta entera. ¡Revisa con ojo crítico!

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