Explicación Detallada: Se trata de una Pasiva Impersonal. En inglés, para decir "se dice que", usamos la estructura "It is + participio + that". No podemos usar "it says" directamente si no hay un sujeto activo claro.
2. Social media digital exposure, which can ______ anxiety, is a serious concern.
Explicación Detallada: El verbo trigger significa desencadenar o disparar. Es la palabra clave para hablar de causas emocionales o psicológicas que provocan una reacción.
3. Before the law was passed, many victims ______ in silence for years.
Explicación Detallada: Usamos In spite of porque va seguido de un sustantivo ("these positive changes"). Although necesitaría una frase completa con verbo.
6. Experts suggest implementing programs ______ students can feel safe.
Explicación Detallada: Usamos in order that cuando el sujeto de la oración principal (Experts) es distinto al de la subordinada (Students). Es gramática avanzada.
7. Choose the Reported Speech: "The situation was critical," the experts said.
Explicación:Infinitivo de propósito. Cuando sigue un verbo (improve), usamos "to". "For" solo iría con sustantivo.
Listening Task: Mental Health Forum
Listen to the expert from the University of Seville. You will hear it 3 times. Duration: 2 min.
Hello everyone and welcome to our educational podcast. Today we are focusing on a critical topic in Spanish schools: bullying and its profound impact on mental well-being. According to the latest regional reports from Andalusia, more than fifty percent of our secondary students admit they have felt intense social pressure at some point. This is not just a minor conflict; it is a systemic challenge that requires immediate action. One of the primary drivers of anxiety today is digital exposure. In the past, bullying ended when the school bell rang. However, nowadays, social media platforms allow harassment to continue twenty-four hours a day. Experts in Seville suggest that this constant exposure can trigger severe anxiety and depression. Consequently, schools are now aiming to create safer emotional environments by hiring specialized counselors. The legal framework is also changing. Before the new law was passed in late 2025, many victims had suffered in silence for years because protocols were too slow or ineffective. Now, we are implementing 'Well-being' programs. These programs are designed in order that every student can feel safe and heard. Empathy is the keyword here. It is the lack of empathy what truly damages the classroom atmosphere and leads to social isolation. If our government had invested more in prevention programs ten years ago, many current cases would have been avoided. But it is never too late to change paths. By expressing feelings more realistically and focusing on self-esteem, we can protect the future of our students. Remember, emotional education is not a luxury; it is a necessity for personal growth. Thank you for listening to our forum on mental health. Stay safe and stay connected.
"Hello everyone and welcome to our educational podcast. Today we are focusing on a critical topic..." (Script visible para control docente).
13. According to the expert, more than 50% of secondary students...
14. Why is digital exposure a problem nowadays?
15. What was the situation before the new law of 2025?
16. What is considered a "necessity for personal growth"?
READ the text and answer the next four questions:
THE CHALLENGE OF BULLYING AND MENTAL HEALTH IN SPANISH SCHOOLS
In recent years, bullying and mental health, which are growing concerns, have become central topics in the educational system. Regarding emotional well-being, it is said that more than 50% of students require support due to social pressure. Although the prestige of academic results remains, many schools now aim to create environments with emotional safety. Social media and digital exposure, which can trigger anxiety, strongly influence the demand for specialized counselors.
One important trend is that students are expressing their feelings more realistically. Before the new law was passed, many victims had suffered in silence for years. This change helps reduce social isolation and encourages individuals to focus on specific issues such as self-esteem. Besides, experts suggest implementing "Well-being" programs in order that students can feel safe. According to recent reports, emotional education is closely connected to personal growth. However, if schools had invested more in prevention years ago, many cases would have been avoided.
In spite of these positive changes, some schools still struggle with a lack of staff. For instance, many teachers used to ignore small conflicts while they were focusing only on grades. Therefore, modernizing protocols is essential to improve social coexistence. Some experts said that the situation was critical and wondered whether the measures were enough.
They also claimed that some institutions must have overlooked the early signs of depression. It is the lack of empathy what truly damages the classroom atmosphere. If only our government provided more resources for mental health! In conclusion, although the school environment presents challenges, choosing prevention paths can protect our future.
Análisis Técnico de Estructuras
01.Relativo (1) "...which are growing concerns..."
02.Pasiva Impersonal "it is said that more than 50%..."
03.Due to "...due to social pressure." (Debido a…)
04.Aim to "...aim to create..." (Pretenden….)
05.Relativo (2) "...which can trigger anxiety..."
06.Such as "...such as self-esteem." (Tales como…)
Resolución de 20 de noviembre de 2025 • Dirección General de F.P. y Educación Permanente
Social Transformation
Borders and Bridges: Immigration in Spain 2026
New Examination Model • Preparation for PAGS 2026
Modelo de examen basado en Resolución de 20 de noviembre de 2025, de la Dirección General de Formación Profesional y Educación Permanente, por la que se convocan las pruebas de acceso a los Ciclos Formativos de Grado Medio y Grado Superior de Formación Profesional en el curso escolar 2025/2026.
PAGS ANDALUCÍA
Tema: Inmigración en el siglo XXI
Duración
40 minutos
Preguntas Prueba
16 preguntas
Reserva
2 preguntas
Formato
Tipo Test (A,B,C,D)
Nota didáctica: Este modelo incluye 20 preguntas (Gramática, Vocabulario, Listening y Reading) para abarcar más contenidos durante la preparación.
CHOOSE the correct answer:
1. In which sentence is there a direct transfer from Spanish that is incorrect in English?
Explicación: Error de transferencia literal. En español decimos "vivo aquí desde...", pero en inglés, acciones que empezaron en el pasado y siguen vigentes requieren Present Perfect: "I have lived... since".
2. Successful ______ requires effort from both the host country and the newcomers.
Explicación: Vocabulario temático. Si ambas partes se esfuerzan, hablamos de "integración". Las otras opciones sugieren separación o soledad.
3. The number of residents ______ significantly in the last decade.
Explicación: Tiempo verbal. "In the last decade" indica un periodo que conecta pasado y presente. Usamos Present Perfect.
4. By the time they arrived at the border, they ______ for three days without food.
Explicación: Pasado anterior a otro pasado. El viaje ocurrió y continuó hasta el momento de llegar (arrived). Usamos Past Perfect Continuous.
5. Many experts agree that migration is necessary for our economy; ______, integration remains a challenge.
Explicación: Conectores de contraste. La primera parte es positiva (economía) y la segunda plantea un problema (desafío). "However" (sin embargo) es el nexo perfecto.
6. When highly skilled professionals leave their country for better jobs, it is called...
Explicación: Vocabulario específico. "Brain drain" (fuga de cerebros) se refiere a la emigración de personas con alta cualificación.
7. New laws ______ provide more support for refugees in the future.
Explicación: Modales. Se habla de una posibilidad futura no confirmada. "Might" es el modal de probabilidad adecuado.
8. He applied for a visa ______ he wanted to work in Almería.
Explicación: Conectores de causa. La segunda parte explica el motivo de la primera: "Solicitó el visado *porque* quería trabajar...".
9. The migrant, ______ passport was lost, had to wait at the embassy.
Explicación: Relativos de posesión. "Cuyo pasaporte" se traduce como "whose passport". Indica pertenencia.
10. There are ______ cultural festivals in Andalusia that celebrate diversity.
Explicación: Cuantificadores. "Festivals" es plural contable. Usamos "many" para frases afirmativas de este tipo.
11. Last month, a large group of newcomers ______ to the Canary Islands.
Explicación: Pasado simple. La expresión "Last month" (el mes pasado) obliga a usar un tiempo pasado terminado: "arrived".
12. ______ the language barrier, many migrants find work in agriculture.
Explicación: Concesión. "The language barrier" es un grupo nominal (sustantivo). El conector de concesión que precede a sustantivos es "In spite of".
Listening Task
Listen to the Podcast about migration and social diversity in Andalusia. You will hear it 3 times. Choose the correct options.
Welcome to 'Voices of Andalucia'. Today, we discuss the impact of migration on our region. Andalusia has always been a meeting point for different cultures. In 2026, our diversity is our strength.
Did you know that in provinces like Almería and Huelva, the agricultural sector relies heavily on foreign workers? Nearly forty percent of the seasonal workforce comes from abroad. These people contribute significantly to our local economy and keep our fields productive.
However, migration is not just about labor. It's about stories. Families from North Africa, Latin America, and Eastern Europe are now part of our neighborhoods in Málaga and Seville. They bring new traditions, languages, and perspectives that enrich our schools and social life. Integration is a two-way street: it requires local citizens to be welcoming and newcomers to adapt to our laws and customs.
Experts suggest that without migration, Andalucia's population would decrease rapidly due to low birth rates. Therefore, building bridges instead of borders is essential for our stable future. Stay tuned for more stories!
"Welcome to 'Voices of Andalucia'. Today we discuss the impact of migration..." (Transcript active)
13. In which provinces is the agricultural sector heavily dependent on foreign workers?
Estrategia: Localización de nombres propios. Escucha las dos primeras provincias mencionadas al hablar de agricultura.
14. What percentage of the seasonal workforce comes from abroad in those areas?
15. What does integration require, according to the podcast?
Estrategia: Identifica la metáfora "two-way street" (calle de doble sentido) que implica esfuerzo mutuo.
16. What would happen to Andalucia's population without migration?
Estrategia: Escucha el motivo demográfico al final del podcast: "low birth rates" (baja natalidad).
READ the text and answer the next four questions:
The Changing Face of Spain: Challenges and Contributions
Over the last twenty years, Spain has transformed from a country of emigrants to a major destination for people seeking new opportunities. Today, more than five million foreign-born residents live in the country, contributing to its social and economic life. This demographic shift is particularly visible in Mediterranean regions like Andalusia, where the agricultural and tourism sectors depend heavily on foreign labor.
Economists point out that immigration helps balance Spain's aging population. Without newcomers, the pension system and the workforce would face a serious crisis in the near future. However, the process of integration is not always easy. Language barriers, administrative delays for visas, and social prejudices can make life difficult for new arrivals. Therefore, education and public awareness are crucial tools to foster a more inclusive society.
Finally, it is important to recognize the cultural enrichment that diversity brings. New perspectives in art, gastronomy, and music make Spanish society more dynamic and prepared for a globalized world. In conclusion, while migration presents political and social challenges, it is also a vital engine for growth and cultural progress in 21st-century Spain.
17. How has Spain changed over the last twenty years according to the text?
Explicación: Comprensión literal. El primer párrafo explica el cambio de "país de emigrantes" a "destino principal".
18. Why is immigration important for Spain's aging population?
Explicación: Relación de ideas. El texto menciona que sin inmigrantes, el sistema de pensiones sufriría.
19. According to the second paragraph, what can make life difficult for new arrivals?
Explicación: Identificación de obstáculos. El texto cita barreras lingüísticas y retrasos administrativos como dificultades.
20. What is the author's final conclusion about migration?
Explicación: Tono del autor. El texto cierra con un mensaje optimista sobre el crecimiento y progreso.
