PRIMARY SECTOR EVOLUTION: THE AGRI-FOOD REVOLUTION. "Feeding the World with Tech & Innovation"

NeuroEnglishAgri

PAGS Exam Preparation • The Agri-Food Revolution

Primary Sector Evolution

THE AGRI-FOOD
REVOLUTION

"Feeding the World with Tech & Innovation"

@NeuroEnglishMMP

Agri-Career Roadmap

Sovereignty

The Shift

Reading

Industry Guide

Vocab

Tech Terms

Exam

26 Tasks

Listen

FoodTech Lab

Agri-Food Vocabulary Lab

Agri-Food & Tech

The Agri-Food Revolution

It is time we acknowledged the vital role of the primary sector. As a matter of fact, widespread strikes against the Mercosur treaty have recently paralyzed roads across Europe; consequently, the importance of food sovereignty is clearer than ever. It is generally believed that agriculture is an old-fashioned trade, yet the reality is quite different. Due to modernization, vocational training offers three major Higher Technician cycles.

Firstly, the Higher Technician in Landscaping and Rural Environment, which allows direct contact with nature, is ideal for those who love the outdoors. Secondly, the Higher Technician in Viticulture is a fascinating option for students whose passion is wine production. However, the third option, the Higher Technician in Processes and Quality in the Food Industry, offers superior stability.

It is this specific cycle that bridges the gap between the field and the supermarket. Whereas traditional agriculture relies on weather, food processing is constant. Complex subjects related to biochemistry as well as food safety are taught rigorously in this course. Unless strict protocols are followed, public health is put at risk. Providing you graduate from prestigious centers like IES La Rosaleda in Málaga or IES Santo Domingo in El Puerto de Santa María, you ought to find a job quickly. Furthermore, English is essential in this globalized market; actually, a technician with strong language skills need not fear unemployment regarding exports.

Salaries might reach €26,000 initially, with high employability. You would rather earn a stable income than rely on harvest luck, wouldn't you? By the end of the decade, the industry will have been fully transformed by 'FoodTech'. You might have thought farming was low-tech, yet digitization is revolutionizing the supply chain. As long as people eat, this industry will thrive.

PAGS ENGLISH EXAM

Agri-Food Qualification

26 Questions + Listening Activity. Achieve mastery!

1. What is the purpose of the guide?

2. Why is sovereignty important now?

3. "It is time we _______ the vital role of the sector."

Grammar: It's Time

4. What does Viticulture involve?

5. "...students _______ passion is production."

Repasar Relatives

6. "Agriculture relies on weather, _______ processing is constant."

Repasar Connectors

7. "_______ strict protocols are followed, public health is at risk."

Repasar Conditionals

8. Which centers are mentioned?

9. You _______ find a job if you graduate.

Repasar Modales

10. What does "actually" mean?

Repasar False Friends

11. A technician _______ fear unemployment regarding exports.

Repasar Modales

12. By 2030, the industry _______ transformed.

Repasar Verb Tenses

13. Which cycle is more stable?

14. Bridges the gap _______ the field and market.

15. Biochemistry _______ food safety are taught rigorously.

Repasar Connectors

16. What is revolutionizing the supply chain?

17. Strikes _______ paralyzed roads.

Repasar Verb Tenses

18. Salaries reach:

19. Ideal for those who love the outdoors and nature.

20. You would rather earn a stable income, _______ you?

Repasar Question Tags

21. You _______ have thought farming was low-tech.

Repasar Modales

22. "As long as people eat, this industry thrives."

Repasar Connectors

23. "It is this cycle that _______ the gap."

Repasar Cleft Sentences

24. The manager _______ us not to risk health.

Repasar Reported Speech

25. I wish I _______ known about this cycle.

Repasar Wishes

26. These cycles allow students _______ Engineering.

Repasar Verb Patterns

Listening Activity:
The Agri-Food Specialist

Level: B1/B2 • Duration: 2 min

L1. Where does the speaker, Carlos, currently work?

L2. What is Carlos's main responsibility regarding batches and safety?

L3. How has technology changed the industry according to him?

L4. Which skill does he emphasize for exports?

L5. Based on his tone, what can you infer about his job satisfaction?

L6. What can be concluded about the link between VET and University?

AGRI-TECH: Build the Chain

SCORE: 0

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@NeuroEnglishMMP - Agri-Food Edition

SUSTAINABILITY & ETHICS FROM TRASH TO TREASURE "The Circular Revolution" @NeuroEnglishMMP

NeuroEnglishEco

@NeuroEnglishMMP • EBAU/PAGS 2026 Preparation

Sustainability & Ethics

FROM TRASH
TO TREASURE

"The Circular Revolution"

@NeuroEnglishMMP

Topic Roadmap

Strategy

Linear Problem

Reading

Circular Model

Vocab

Fashion & Tech

Exam

False Friends

Listen

Eco Designer

Sustainability Vocabulary Lab

Listen to the term, then match it with its definition. Watch out for False Friends!

Selectividad & PAGS

Reading Comprehension

FROM TRASH TO TREASURE: THE CIRCULAR REVOLUTION

For decades, the global economy has operated on a straightforward but destructive premise: "take, make, and dispose." Actually, this linear model is no longer sustainable. As reported by the newspaper El Español in their sustainability section, humanity is currently depleting resources at such a rapid pace that we are crossing planetary boundaries. So far, we have treated the Earth as if it were an infinite warehouse, but the reality is quite different. It is likely that by 2050, we will need the equivalent of three planets to sustain our current lifestyle.

Whereas the traditional economy treats waste as an inevitable ending, the Circular Economy views it as a design flaw. According to the European Parliament, the purpose of this model is to share, lease, reuse, and recycle existing materials for as long as possible.

Fashion and Technology

The need for change is visible in our daily habits. Take the "fast fashion" industry, for instance. Millions of cheap garments end up in landfills annually, causing toxic dyes to leach into the soil. Similarly, electronic waste poses a massive threat; valuable metals inside our old phones are buried instead of being recovered.

The Future is Repairable

Transitioning to a circular model would fix this. It would allow industries to reduce their carbon footprint significantly and provide society with new green job opportunities. Consequently, environmental experts urge governments to enforce the "Right to Repair," fighting against "planned obsolescence"—the practice of designing products to break quickly.

However, legislation alone is not enough. The success of this revolution depends on whether consumers are willing to change their mindset or continue with their old habits. A sustainable future is achievable, providing that we prioritize durability over convenience. Thus, the responsibility falls on everyone, from multinational corporations to the individual shopper.

If only we had realized the implications of single-use plastics twenty years ago, we would not be facing such a crisis today. We must act now so that future generations do not look back and regret our inaction. Ultimately, the circular economy is a system whose main goal is not just to recycle, but to survive. So, the next time you throw something away, ask yourself: is this really the end?

🔗 Useful Links for Selectividad:

• Repasar False Friends (@NeuroEnglishMMP)
• Repasar Condicionales y 'If only'

Listening Comprehension

PAGS Listening Practice

Listen to the audios and answer the 6 questions for each part.

Part 1: The Eco-Fashion Interview

Interview with sustainable designer Elena Rossi. (Approx 2 mins)

Host: Good morning, everyone. Welcome back to "Green Future." Today, we are joined by Elena Rossi, a pioneer in the sustainable fashion industry. Elena, welcome.

Elena: Thank you for having me. It's a pleasure to be here.

Host: Let's start with the basics. We often hear about "fast fashion," but you advocate for something called "circular fashion." What does that actually mean?

Elena: Well, circular fashion is about closing the loop. In the traditional industry, we take resources, make a T-shirt, wear it a few times, and then throw it away. That is a linear line to the landfill. In circular fashion, we design clothes so they can be easily repaired, reused, or recycled. For example, we avoid mixing materials like cotton and polyester because mixed fibers are a nightmare to recycle.

Host: I see. You mentioned materials. What are the best alternatives to the synthetic fabrics we use today?

Elena: Currently, organic cotton is popular, but it still requires a lot of water. I am really excited about innovative materials like "Piñatex," which is leather made from pineapple leaves, or fabrics made from recycled fishing nets. However, the most sustainable fabric is the one that already exists. That is why upcycling—taking old jeans and turning them into a jacket, for instance—is so powerful.

Host: Some critics say sustainable fashion is too expensive for the average consumer. What is your take on that?

Elena: It is true that the price tag is higher, but we need to change how we calculate cost. A five-euro shirt is cheap for you, but the environment pays a high price in toxic dyes and water waste. Also, that shirt might last three washes. A high-quality garment lasts years. So, in the long run, buying less but buying better is actually cheaper.

Host: Finally, Elena, what is the biggest challenge facing the industry right now?

Elena: I think it is consumer mindset. We are addicted to novelty. We need to normalize wearing the same outfit multiple times. It shouldn't be embarrassing; it should be a badge of honor.

Host: Powerful words. Thank you, Elena.

1. According to Elena, what is the main problem with mixed fibers (cotton + polyester)?

2. What innovative material does Elena mention specifically?

3. How does Elena define "upcycling"?

4. Regarding cost, what is Elena's argument?

5. What does Elena identify as the "biggest challenge"?

6. According to the interview, repeating an outfit should be:

Part 2: The Right to Repair

Podcast excerpt by activist Mark Davidson. (Approx 2 mins)

Mark Davidson: Look at the phone in your pocket. It is a marvel of engineering, but it has a dark secret. It was designed to die. This is what we call "planned obsolescence." Manufacturers glue the batteries inside and use special screws that no normal screwdriver can open. Why? Because they don't want you to fix it; they want you to buy the new model next year.

This isn't just annoying; it is an environmental disaster. E-waste is the fastest-growing waste stream in the world. We are burying gold, silver, and copper in landfills while mining for more. It is madness.

But there is hope. The "Right to Repair" movement is gaining momentum across Europe and the United States. We are fighting for legislation that forces companies to make spare parts available to everyone, not just authorized shops. We want manuals to be public. We want devices to be modular, so if your camera breaks, you replace the camera, not the whole phone.

Recently, the European Union passed new laws requiring appliances like washing machines and TVs to be repairable for at least ten years. This is a huge victory. But we need to push further into small electronics.

As consumers, we have power. When you buy a product, check its repairability score. If it is a 2 out of 10, don't buy it. Support companies that build things to last. Repairing isn't just about saving money; it is an act of rebellion against a disposable culture. So, pick up a screwdriver, open that drawer of old gadgets, and let's fix the future.

1. According to Mark, why do manufacturers glue batteries inside phones?

2. What does Mark say about E-waste?

3. What is the main goal of the "Right to Repair" legislation mentioned?

4. The recent EU laws mentioned apply specifically to:

5. What advice does Mark give to consumers when buying a product?

6. Mark describes repairing as an act of:

MOCK EXAM

Selectividad & PAGS 2026

Challenge yourself! B2 Level with tricky False Friends.

1. READING: According to the text, what is the main difference between the linear and circular economies?

Neuro-Help: Look at the sentence starting with "Whereas the traditional economy treats waste...".

2. FALSE FRIEND: "Actually, this linear model is no longer sustainable." What does 'Actually' mean here?

Repasar False Friends

False Friend Alert: 'Actually' never means 'actualmente'. It means 'en realidad' or 'de hecho'. Use 'Currently' for 'actualmente'.

3. GRAMMAR: "If only we _______ the implications years ago, we _______ facing this crisis."

Repasar Condicionales

Neuro-Help: This is a Mixed Conditional / Regret. "If only + Past Perfect" refers to the past. The result refers to the present "would not be facing".

4. FALSE FRIEND: "...provide society with new green job opportunities." Translate 'provide'.

Repasar False Friends

False Friend Alert: 'Provide' means to give or supply. 'To foresee' is prever. 'To prevent' is prevenir.

5. CONNECTOR: "_______ the traditional economy treats waste as an ending, the Circular Economy..."

Repasar Connectors

Neuro-Help: 'Whereas' is used to contrast two facts (Linear vs Circular).

6. VOCABULARY: What does "to leach" mean in the context of toxic dyes?

Neuro-Help: 'Leach' (filtrarse/lixiviar) refers to liquids draining through soil or waste.

7. FALSE FRIEND: "Ultimately, the circular economy is a system..."

Repasar False Friends

False Friend Alert: 'Ultimately' does NOT mean 'últimamente' (lately). It means 'al final', 'en última instancia' or 'fundamentalmente'.

8. GRAMMAR: "...a system _______ main goal is not just to recycle."

Repasar Relatives

Neuro-Help: 'Whose' implies possession (the system's goal).

9. VOCABULARY: What is the meaning of "depleting"?

Neuro-Help: Depleting means using up resources (agotando).

10. GRAMMAR: "We treated the Earth as if it _______ an infinite warehouse."

Repasar Condicionales

Neuro-Help: "As if" often triggers the subjunctive mood for unreal situations (like the 2nd Conditional), so we use 'were' for all persons.

11. CONNECTOR: "_______, legislation alone is not enough."

Repasar Connectors

Neuro-Help: "However" introduces a contrast to the previous point.

12. PASSIVE: "Valuable metals inside our old phones _______ instead of being recovered."

Repasar Passive Voice

Neuro-Help: Simple Present Passive: "metals... are buried".

13. VERB PATTERN: "Experts urge governments _______ the Right to Repair."

Repasar Verb Patterns

Neuro-Help: 'Urge' follows the pattern: Urge + Object + Infinitive with 'to'.

14. VOCABULARY: What is "planned obsolescence"?

Neuro-Help: Defined in the text as "the practice of designing products to break quickly."

15. CONNECTOR: "_______ we prioritize durability, a sustainable future is achievable."

Repasar Condicionales

Neuro-Help: 'Providing that' (or 'provided that') is a conditional connector meaning "on the condition that" / "siempre que".

16. GRAMMAR: "Transitioning to a circular model _______ fix this."

Repasar Condicionales

Neuro-Help: The text uses the hypothetical (Second Conditional) structure "would fix" and "would allow".

BONUS TRACK: High Level

17. VOCABULARY: "Garments" is a synonym for:

18. PREPOSITION: "The success of this revolution depends _______ consumers."

Neuro-Help: Always "Depend ON".

19. PURPOSE: "We must act now _______ future generations do not regret it."

Repasar Purpose

Neuro-Help: 'So that' connects a clause (subject + verb).

20. REPORTED SPEECH: "Experts urge governments to enforce..." -> "Experts urged governments _______."

Repasar Reported Speech

21. MODAL VERB: "We _______ act now." (Obligation/Necessity)

Repasar Modales

22. GRAMMAR: "Consumers _______ habits are changing will help the planet."

Repasar Relatives

23. VERB PATTERN: "Instead of _______ recovered, metals are buried."

Neuro-Help: After prepositions (of), we use the gerund (-ing).

24. FALSE FRIEND: Which sentence uses "assist" correctly?

Repasar False Friends

False Friend Alert: 'Assist' means to help (ayudar). To say "asistir" (go to), use 'Attend'.

25. PASSIVE: "It is _______ that by 2050 we will need three planets."

Repasar Pasivas Impersonales

26. CLEFT SENTENCE: "_______ is the consumer who must change their mindset."

Repasar Cleft Sentences

ECO-CRAFT: Sort the Waste!

SCORE: 0

TRANSLATE TO SPANISH

>>> SELECTIVIDAD CHALLENGE <<<

ECOCRAFT: CLIMATE HEALTH

¿Te has quedado con ganas de más? Desbloquea el mapa completo. Aprende todo el vocabulario sobre salud climática en nuestra versión extendida.

PLAY FULL VERSION

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@NeuroEnglishMMP - Green Edition

Powering the Circular Future • 2026