Buenos días, estimados alumnos.
Os dejo hoy un examen tipo PGAS, que incluye un texto de comprensión lectora para abrir boca, sobre uno de los temas que más gusta a las administraciones de hoy en día, el mundo verde, ecológico, etc., de modo que se vaya repasando este vocabulario.
En las próximas pruebas que os envíe, empezaré a incluir ejercicios de listening.
Os adjunto también in glosario, para que no tengáis que perder tiempo buscando palabras en el diccionario, y un documento con las respuestas y explicaciones.
Saludos.
1. Examen Modelo
English Access Test: Higher Vocational Training Cycles (B1/B2 Level)
Time Limit: 45 minutes Instructions: Choose only one correct answer for each question.
SECTION I: READING COMPREHENSION (Questions 1-6)
Read the following text:
The shift towards sustainable living is transforming how people interact with their environment, giving rise to the 'green shopper' and the 'ecofriendly citizen'. Green shoppers prioritize products with minimal ecological impact, checking for sustainable sourcing and packaging. This conscious consumption is not a niche movement; it's a growing commitment to the planet. Simultaneously, the rise of 'green cities' reflects a municipal effort to create sustainable urban spaces. These cities invest in extensive public transport networks, implement strict recycling programmes, and develop large green zones. For example, they might turn old industrial areas into community gardens or pedestrian-only streets. Ecofriendly citizens play a vital role, supporting these initiatives by cycling, using reusable bags, and conserving energy at home. It’s clear that a harmonious future depends on both individual responsibility—the choices made by every green shopper—and collective action guided by progressive urban planning. This collaborative effort is essential for building a truly resilient and low-carbon society.
Question 1. What is the primary focus of the text?
A. The history of urban planning in Europe.
B. The combined roles of individuals and cities in promoting sustainability.
C. How businesses can profit from green products.
D. The problems caused by extensive public transport.
Question 2. According to the text, what is a key action of 'green shoppers'?
A. They build community gardens in old industrial areas.
B. They use extensive public transport networks.
C. They check products for sustainable sourcing and packaging.
D. They campaign for pedestrian-only streets in the city centre.
Question 3. What is NOT an initiative of 'green cities' according to the text?
A. Investing in large public transport networks.
B. Developing strict regulations on global imports.
C. Implementing comprehensive recycling programmes.
D. Transforming old industrial areas into community gardens.
Question 4. The term 'sustainable sourcing' as used in the text refers to:
A. The act of buying green products in a supermarket.
B. Finding and obtaining materials in a way that protects the environment.
C. The process of making products last longer and be more durable.
D. A plan to reduce pollution from private vehicles in urban areas.
Question 5. Which activity would an 'ecofriendly citizen' most likely avoid?
A. Using a reusable water bottle instead of disposable ones.
B. Taking a short flight for a weekend getaway.
C. Insulating their home to reduce energy consumption.
D. Shopping at a local farmers' market once a week.
Question 6. What does the text suggest is necessary for a harmonious future?
A. The complete elimination of all personal consumption.
B. New industrial developments in urban areas.
C. A combination of individual responsibility and collective action.
D. A global ban on all private vehicle use.
SECTION II: USE OF ENGLISH (Questions 7-20)
Question 7. The architect _______ designed the new recycling plant won an award last year. (Relative Clauses)
A. which
B. whose
C. who
D. where
Question 8. If I _______ more free time, I _______ join the city's volunteering program. (Conditional Type 2)
A. had / will
B. have / would
C. had / would
D. would have / would
Question 9. If they _______ the earlier train, they _______ the environmental conference. (Conditional Type 3)
A. hadn't missed / would have attended
B. didn't miss / would attend
C. hadn't missed / would attend
D. didn't miss / would have attended
Question 10. My brother _______ a single meat dish since he became a vegetarian last month. (Present Perfect)
A. hasn't eaten
B. didn't eat
C. isn't eating
D. hadn't eaten
Question 11. By the time the government implements the new policy, activists _______ their protest for two weeks. (Future Perfect)
A. will have been holding
B. will hold
C. have held
D. will be holding
Question 12. The endangered species _______ by new legislation next year. (Passive Sentence)
A. is protected
B. will protect
C. will be protected
D. is being protected
Question 13. I hate this air pollution. If only I _______ in a city with cleaner air! (If Only)
A. live
B. lived
C. had lived
D. would live
Question 14. While the students _______ the plastic waste, the teacher _______ the recycling process. (Past Continuous with While)
A. were sorting / explained
B. sorted / explained
C. were sorting / was explaining
D. sort / explains
Question 15. I can't believe they've finished the marathon. They must have been running very fast; they _______ reached the finish line! (Already)
A. still
B. yet
C. ever
D. already
Question 16. The new energy-saving product has really _______ in the market since its launch. (Phrasal Verb: take off)
A. taken up
B. taken out
C. taken off
D. taken over
Question 17. My grandmother asked me to _______ her garden while she was on her eco-trip. (Phrasal Verb: look after)
A. look at
B. look for
C. look after
D. look up
Question 18. What is the word for the gradual rise in the Earth's average temperature? (Vocabulary)
A. Deforestation
B. Global warming
C. Recycling
D. Biodiversity
Question 19. You _______ throw away plastic bottles; you must recycle them. (Modal Verbs)
A. must to
B. don't have to
C. mustn't
D. shouldn't
Question 20. They finally agreed _______ the car-sharing scheme in the downtown area. (Gerunds/Infinitives)
A. implementing
B. to implement
C. implement
D. in implementing
📚 Glosario de la Prueba de Acceso
1. Palabras Clave del Texto de Comprensión Lectora (20 palabras)
2. Palabras Clave de las Preguntas Gramaticales y Léxicas (56 palabras)
Respuestas Correctas y Explicaciones
Aquí tienes las respuestas correctas para las 20 preguntas del examen, con explicaciones detalladas para ayudarte a comprender cada concepto.
Sección I: Comprensión Lectora ('Green Shoppers, Ecofriendly Citizens, Green Cities')
Pregunta | Respuesta Correcta | Explicación | Concepto Gramatical / Temático |
1 | B. The combined roles of individuals and cities in promoting sustainability. | El texto trata el papel de los 'green shoppers' (individuos) y las 'green cities' (rol colectivo/municipal). | Idea Principal |
2 | C. They check products for sustainable sourcing and packaging. | La primera parte del texto lo establece: "Green shoppers prioritize products with minimal ecological impact, checking for sustainable sourcing and packaging." | Detalle Específico |
3 | B. Developing strict regulations on global imports. | El texto menciona redes de transporte, programas de reciclaje y zonas verdes, pero no regulaciones sobre importaciones globales. | Detalle Negativo |
4 | B. Finding and obtaining materials in a way that protects the environment. | 'Sourcing' significa la fuente o el proceso de obtención de un material, y 'sustainable' implica que se hace sin dañar el medio ambiente. | Vocabulario en Contexto |
5 | B. Taking a short flight for a weekend getaway. | Los vuelos tienen una huella de carbono muy alta. Un ciudadano ecologista evitaría o limitaría las actividades con gran impacto ambiental. | Inferencia |
6 | C. A combination of individual responsibility and collective action. | El texto concluye: "...a harmonious future depends on both individual responsibility... and collective action..." | Conclusión del Texto |
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Sección II: Gramática y Vocabulario
Pregunta | Respuesta Correcta | Explicación | Concepto Gramatical Específico |
7 | C. who | Relative Clauses. 'Who' es el pronombre relativo necesario para sustituir a una persona ('The architect') cuando es el sujeto de la cláusula relativa ('who designed...'). | Oraciones de Relativo |
8 | C. had / would | Conditional Type 2. Se utiliza para situaciones irreales en el presente o futuro: If + Past Simple, would + Infinitive. | Oraciones Condicionales Tipo 2 |
9 | A. hadn't missed / would have attended | Conditional Type 3. Se utiliza para situaciones irreales en el pasado (arrepentimiento): If + Past Perfect, would have + Past Participle. | Oraciones Condicionales Tipo 3 |
10 | A. hasn't eaten | Present Perfect. El uso de 'since' requiere Present Perfect ('hasn't eaten') para describir una acción que comenzó en el pasado y continúa hasta el presente. | Present Perfect |
11 | A. will have been holding | Future Perfect Continuous (más preciso que Future Perfect en este caso). La frase 'By the time...' y la duración 'for two weeks' requieren este tiempo para enfatizar una acción en curso antes de un momento futuro. | Future Perfect (Continuous) |
12 | C. will be protected | Passive Sentence. La acción es futura ('next year') y el sujeto ('species') recibe la acción, por lo que se utiliza la voz pasiva del futuro simple: will be + Past Participle. | Oración Pasiva |
13 | B. lived | If Only. Para expresar un deseo o una situación irreal sobre el presente, se utiliza 'If only' seguido del Past Simple ('lived'). | If Only (Deseo sobre el Presente) |
14 | C. were sorting / was explaining | Past Continuous with 'while'. 'While' conecta dos acciones que estaban sucediendo al mismo tiempo de forma continua en el pasado, requiriendo Past Continuous en ambas cláusulas. | Pasado Continuo con 'While' |
15 | D. already | Already. Se usa 'already' (ya) para expresar que una acción se ha completado antes de lo esperado, reflejando la sorpresa del hablante. | Uso de Already |
16 | C. taken off | Phrasal Verb: take off. En este contexto, 'take off' significa hacerse popular o exitoso rápidamente (despegar en el mercado). | Phrasal Verb: take off |
17 | C. look after | Phrasal Verb: look after. 'Look after' significa cuidar o hacerse cargo de alguien o algo (en este caso, el jardín). | Phrasal Verb: look after |
18 | B. Global warming | Vocabulario. El 'calentamiento global' ('global warming') es el término para el aumento gradual de la temperatura media de la Tierra. | Vocabulario de Contenidos |
19 | C. mustn't | Modal Verbs. 'Mustn't' (must not) se utiliza para expresar una prohibición u obligación de no hacer algo, lo cual es coherente con la obligación posterior de reciclar. | Otros Aspectos Gramaticales (Modal Verbs) |
20 | B. to implement | Gerunds/Infinitives. El verbo 'agree' (acordar) es uno de los verbos que va seguido por el infinitivo con 'to' (to implement). | Otros Aspectos Gramaticales (Infinitivos) |
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