Rewriting: reescribe las oraciones en inglés utilizando las palabras indicadas entre paréntesis.

 Una de las tareas más difíciles del inglés es la de reescribir una oración usando una palabra o palabras dada. Ello implica conocer muy bien la gramática del idioma, a la par que el significado de las palabras.

Vamos hoy a hacer una pequeña práctica con algunas de las expresiones y tiempos verbales más usuales: by the time..., as, since, all the..., consequently, as a result of, because of, due to, owing to, on account of...

https://www.freepik.es/fotos-vectores-gratis/escribiendo-libro

Pero veamos primero cada una de estas palabras en detalle, sus usos y significados, con ejemplos:

📚 Conectores y Preposiciones de Causa y Tiempo

Esta tabla organiza los términos en inglés, su significado y su uso principal.

Palabra/Frase en Inglés	Significado Principal	Uso en Inglés (Explicación)	Uso en Español (Explicación)
by the time...	Para cuando	Used as a subordinating conjunction to show that one action or event is completed or will be completed before a second action or event takes place. It often involves the Past Perfect or Future Perfect tenses.	Se utiliza como una conjunción subordinadapara indicar que una acción o evento está completado o se completará antes de que ocurra un segundo evento. Frecuentemente requiere el pretérito perfecto o el futuro perfecto.
as	Como, Ya que, Mientras	Acts as a subordinating conjunction to express reason/cause (meaning since) or to express simultaneity (meaning while). It can also mean in the manner of.	Funciona como una conjunción subordinadapara expresar razón/causa (significando ya que) o para expresar simultaneidad (significando mientras). También puede significar en la manera de.
since	Ya que, Desde	Primarily acts as a subordinating conjunction to express reason or cause, similar to because or as. It also functions as a preposition or conjunction referring to time, marking the starting point of an action.	Actúa principalmente como una conjunción subordinada para expresar razón o causa, similar a porque o ya que. También funciona como preposición o conjunción para referirse al tiempo, marcando el punto de inicio de una acción.
all the...	Todo/a el/la, Durante todo el/la...	Used as a quantifier/adjective to indicate an entire quantity or duration. When referring to time (e.g., all the morning), it emphasizes that the action was continuous throughout that period.	Se utiliza como cuantificador/adjetivo para indicar una cantidad o duración completa. Cuando se refiere al tiempo (ej. toda la mañana), enfatiza que la acción fue continua durante ese periodo.
consequently	Por consiguiente, En consecuencia	An adverb used to connect two independent clauses, showing that the second statement is the result or consequence of the first. It is usually preceded by a semicolon or a period and followed by a comma.	Es un adverbio que se usa para conectar dos cláusulas independientes, mostrando que la segunda declaración es el resultado o la consecuencia de la primera. Suele ir precedido por un punto y coma o un punto y seguido de una coma.
as a result of	Como resultado de, A consecuencia de	A compound preposition used to introduce a reason or cause, followed by a noun or noun phrase (or a gerund). It emphasizes the consequence that followed the action mentioned.	Es una preposición compuesta que se utiliza para introducir una razón o causa, seguida de un sustantivo o frase nominal (o un gerundio). Enfatiza la consecuencia que siguió a la acción mencionada.
because of	A causa de, Debido a	A compound preposition used to introduce the reason or cause for something, and must be followed by a noun or noun phrase. It cannot introduce a full clause (subject + verb).	Una preposición compuesta que se usa para introducir la razón o causa de algo, y debe ir seguida de un sustantivo o frase nominal. No puede introducir una oración completa (sujeto + verbo).
due to	Debido a	A compound preposition that usually means the same as because of. Traditionally, it modifies a noun (acting like an adjective), but it is now widely accepted to use it to introduce the reasonfor a whole sentence.	Una preposición compuesta que generalmente significa lo mismo que a causa de. Tradicionalmente, modifica un sustantivo(actuando como adjetivo), pero ahora es ampliamente aceptado su uso para introducir la razón de una oración completa.
owing to	Debido a, Gracias a	A compound preposition used synonymously with because of and due toto express reason or cause, followed by a noun or noun phrase. It is considered slightly more formal.	Una preposición compuesta que se utiliza como sinónimo de because of y due to para expresar razón o causa, seguida de un sustantivo o frase nominal. Se considera ligeramente más formal.
on account of	A causa de, Por razón de	A compound preposition used to introduce the reason or cause for something, followed by a noun or noun phrase. It is often used in formal contexts and is a less common alternative to because of.	Una preposición compuesta que se utiliza para introducir la razón o causa de algo, seguida de un sustantivo o frase nominal. A menudo se utiliza en contextos formales y es una alternativa menos común a because of.

Vamos ahora con la práctica: Rewriting practice.

1. It is now 12:30 and my students are still sleeping. (all the morning)

   
   

2. The prom party will begin at 20:00 with a speech by the headmaster. (by 20:30)

   
   

3. Valentino Rosi is good at driving motorbikes. Therefore, he sometimes helps Márquez when he is late by kicking him out of the way. (since)

   
   

4. My mother cooked lasagna; then, all the family came for lunch. (by the time) 

   
   

5. I broke my leg while I was attempting to fix the pipes in the garden, so I had to quit my job for a while. (as)

   
   

6. Due to the great difficulty of the crossword I was attempting to complete, I decided to call a code-breaker to help me decipher it! (consequently)

   
   

7. Social networks such as Instagram, Twitter and even Facebook still need to better their functionality in some respects because they have frequent breakdowns. (as a result of)

   
   

8. More often than not, it is not so easy to spot clues in a puzzle. Solvers have to struggle to guess which the answers are. (because of/ due to /owing to)

   
   

9. Studying a degree at university involves a certain amount of effort which not everybody is ready to make. Therefore, some students drop out when they finish their secondary education. (as /since)

   
   

10. Picasso painted lots of figurative pictures, full of squares and triangles, with puzzles and riddles, so not many people can understand them. (Due to)

    
    

11. Understanding why Rosi kicked Márquez requires a great effort. Therefore, I will have to watch the video again. (since)

    
    

12. Life is so brief and short. Consequently, we have to make the most out of it and seize the day! (Because of)

    
    

13. I have been putting on some weight lately, so I my trousers don’t fit any longer. (since)

    
    

    
    

    KEY ANSWERS:

    
    

    📝 Ejercicio de Reescribir Frases (Rewriting Practice)

    A continuación, se presentan las frases originales y su reescritura, empleando la palabra o frase de conexión solicitada.

    • Original: It is now 12:30 and my students are still sleeping.

      • Reescrita (all the morning): My students have been sleeping all the morning (and they are still sleeping).

    • Original: The prom party will begin at 20:00 with a speech by the headmaster.

      • Reescrita (by 20:30): The prom party will have started by 20:30.

    • Original: Valentino Rosi is good at driving motorbikes. Therefore, he sometimes helps Márquez when he is late by kicking him out of the way.

      • Reescrita (since): Valentino Rosi sometimes helps Márquez when he is late by kicking him out of the way, since he is good at driving motorbikes.

    • Original: My mother cooked lasagna; then, all the family came for lunch.

      • Reescrita (by the time): By the time all the family came for lunch, my mother had cooked lasagna.

    • Original: I broke my leg while I was attempting to fix the pipes in the garden, so I had to quit my job for a while.

      • Reescrita (as): As I broke my leg while attempting to fix the pipes in the garden, I had to quit my job for a while.

    • Original: Due to the great difficulty of the crossword I was attempting to complete, I decided to call a code-breaker to help me decipher it!

      • Reescrita (consequently): I was attempting to complete a crossword of great difficulty; consequently, I decided to call a code-breaker to help me decipher it!

    • Original: Social networks such as Instagram, Twitter and even Facebook still need to better their functionality in some respects because they have frequent breakdowns.

      • Reescrita (as a result of): Social networks such as Instagram, Twitter and even Facebook still need to better their functionality in some respects as a result of their frequent breakdowns.

    • Original: More often than not, it is not so easy to spot clues in a puzzle. Solvers have to struggle to guess which the answers are.

      • Reescrita (because of/ due to /owing to): Solvers have to struggle to guess the answers because of/due to/owing to the fact that it is not so easy to spot clues in a puzzle.

    • Original: Studying a degree at university involves a certain amount of effort which not everybody is ready to make. Therefore, some students drop out when they finish their secondary education.

      • Reescrita (as /since): Some students drop out when they finish their secondary education, as/since studying a degree at university involves a certain amount of effort which not everybody is ready to make.

    • Original: Picasso painted lots of figurative pictures, full of squares and triangles, with puzzles and riddles, so not many people can understand them.

      • Reescrita (Due to): Due to the fact that Picasso painted lots of figurative pictures, full of squares and triangles, with puzzles and riddles, not many people can understand them.

    • Original: Understanding why Rosi kicked Márquez requires a great effort. Therefore, I will have to watch the video again.

      • Reescrita (since): I will have to watch the video again since understanding why Rosi kicked Márquez requires a great effort.

    • Original: Life is so brief and short. Consequently, we have to make the most out of it and seize the day!

      • Reescrita (Because of): Because of how brief and short life is, we have to make the most out of it and seize the day!

    • Original: I have been putting on some weight lately, so I my trousers don’t fit any longer.

      • Reescrita (since): My trousers don’t fit any longer since I have been putting on some weight lately.

    Y aquí os dejos las traducciones: